{"id":3109,"date":"2023-05-18T20:59:38","date_gmt":"2023-05-18T12:59:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hsin-life.com\/?p=3109"},"modified":"2023-05-18T20:59:40","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T12:59:40","slug":"awk%ef%bc%9alinux-%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%bc%b7%e5%a4%a7%e6%96%87%e6%9c%ac%e8%99%95%e7%90%86%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hsin-life.com\/archives\/3109","title":{"rendered":"AWK\uff1aLinux \u4e2d\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u6587\u672c\u8655\u7406\u5de5\u5177"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>AWK \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u8655\u7406\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53eb AWK\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4f86\u81ea\u5176\u4e09\u4f4d\u5275\u59cb\u4eba Alfred Aho\uff0cPeter Weinberger, \u548c Brian Kernighan \u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u5b83\u8207 grep \u548c sed \u4e26\u5217\uff0c\u88ab\u8b7d\u70ba Linux \u4e2d\u7684 &#8220;\u4e09\u528d\u5ba2&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5 AWK \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u70ba &#8216;awk &#8216;{pattern action}&#8217; filename&#8217;\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cpattern \u662f\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0caction \u662f\u5c0d\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c\u9032\u884c\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0cfilename \u662f\u8981\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c &#8216;print $0&#8217; \u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u539f\u6a23\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cprint \u662f\u6253\u5370\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c$0 \u4ee3\u8868\u7576\u524d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8b8a\u6578\u548c\u5167\u7f6e\u51fd\u6578 \u9664\u4e86 $ + \u6578\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u500b\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0cAWK \u9084\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u8b8a\u6578\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8b8a\u6578NF\u8868\u793a\u7576\u524d\u884c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u500b\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 $NF \u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002 $(NF-1) \u4ee3\u8868\u5012\u6578\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u8b8a\u6578NR\u8868\u793a\u7576\u524d\u8655\u7406\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\u5e7e\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AWK \u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5167\u7f6e\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u5982toupper() \u51fd\u6578\u7528\u65bc\u5c07\u5b57\u7b26\u8f49\u70ba\u5927\u5beb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u6bb5\u8f38\u51fa\u6642\u90fd\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u5beb\uff1a &#8216;awk &#8216;{ print toupper($1) }&#8217; filename&#8217;\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f38\u51fa\u689d\u4ef6 AWK \u5141\u8a31\u6307\u5b9a\u8f38\u51fa\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u8f38\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u3002\u8f38\u51fa\u689d\u4ef6\u8981\u5beb\u5728\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u524d\u9762\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0cprint \u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u5247\u8868\u9054\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u8f38\u51fa\u5305\u542b usr \u7684\u884c\uff1a&#8217;awk &#8216;\/usr\/ { print $0 }&#8217; filename&#8217;\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AWK \u7684\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u5f37\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u70ba Linux \u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u9032\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u8655\u7406\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6578\u64da\u6e05\u6d17\uff0cAWK \u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e26\u719f\u7df4\u638c\u63e1 AWK \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u70ba\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d Linux \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u64cd\u63a7\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6578\u64da\u8655\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8f15\u9b06\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u689d\u4ef6\u8207\u8f38\u51fa\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u4f7f AWK \u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u5f48\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ea\u8f38\u51fa\u5947\u6578\u884c\u6216\u662f\u8f38\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u884c\uff1a&#8217;awk &#8216;NR%2==1&#8242; 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